World Hand Hygiene Day: SA Preschoolers Still Without Water to Wash Their Hands

Too many South African children are unable to wash their hands as only 53% of Early Childhood Development (ECD) centres have piped water, electricity, and flushing toilets, while 8% have none at all. This is because, despite a record R210 million government pledge to upgrade these centres over the next two years, basic infrastructure remains severely lacking.

As World Hand Hygiene Day approaches on 5 May, Deb Zelezniak, CEO of the Santa Shoebox Project, warns that South Africa risks undermining the lifesaving power of handwashing unless urgent steps are taken to ensure access to clean, safe water in early learning spaces.

“Children constantly touch surfaces and objects, picking up germs as they go,” she explains. “Without proper hand hygiene, those germs can lead to dangerous illnesses like diarrhoea and respiratory infections – two of the leading causes of death among South Africa’s under-fives. Handwashing with soap can cut diarrhoea rates by up to 40% and respiratory infections by up to 25%.

Beyond health concerns, Zelezniak highlights the deeper developmental consequences: “Research shows that poor water and sanitation infrastructure hinders a child’s cognitive, language, and motor development, with long-term effects on their educational attainment.”

While efforts to register and upgrade ECD centres are underway, many facilities remain stuck in a vicious cycle. “Centres that can’t afford the water and sanitation improvements needed for registration are locked out of the very funding that could help them upgrade,” she says. “Instead, they rely on rainwater tanks, boreholes, or public taps– none of which guarantee consistency or safety.”

Non-profits like the Santa Shoebox Project are working to renovate centres and promote better hygiene practices, but Zelezniak stresses that systemic change is essential. “This is not just a public health issue, it’s a matter of dignity, education, and the country’s long-term development. Supporting ECD owners to meet registration standards must be a national priority.”

About the Santa Shoebox Project

Traditional Santa Shoebox: Over the last 19 years, 1 301 508 Santa Shoeboxes, each containing eight specified items of treats and essentials, have been given to underprivileged and socially vulnerable children throughout South Africa and Namibia. From 01 September each year, Santa Shoebox donors choose their beneficiary child/ren by name, age and gender and are given the child’s clothing size. Each personalised shoebox reaches the very child for whom it was pledged.


Virtual Santa Shoebox: These shoeboxes are purchased online by donors and are available year-round, meeting the needs of donors who live too far from drop-off points, are too busy to shop or have health issues. Components are chosen by the donor on the Santa Shoebox website, the shoeboxes are packed by the Santa Shoebox Team and delivered to children attending far-flung rural facilities. A VSS contains the eight specified items, as well as additional items, such as a lunchbox and books, and costs R450 plus an optional delivery fee of R30.


SSP Legacy: All Santa Shoebox Project operating costs are covered by corporate sponsors. Privately donated funds and surplus funds generated by the sale of Virtual Santa Shoeboxes accrue to the SSP Legacy and are used to bring permanent change to the lives of Santa Shoebox beneficiary children and the impoverished communities in which they live. SSP Legacy initiatives have thus far reached more than 125 000 children.


Fiduciary information: As a Level One Contributor to B-BBEE, the Santa Shoebox Project earns 100 points on the generic scorecard, and with Section 18A status, is able to provide a tax-deductible receipt in recognition of donations. The Project is an initiative of the JOG Trust (IT2671/2009). The Trust is registered as a Public Benefit Organisation (PBO-930031301), a Non-Profit Organisation (NPO 102-098) and holds a current ICPR in support of 100% SED compliance.


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